Radio signaling system



April 20 1926. 1,581,264

R. HERZOG ET AL RADIO SIGNALING SYSTEM Filed Augu st 23. 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 JNVENTOR:

ROBERT He Rzoa Leo T'Purws April 20 1926.

R. HERZOG ET AL RADIO SIGNALING SYSTEM Filed August 23, 1921 Z'Sheets-Sheet 2 FIE-3 .3

' 'INVENTOR: ROBERT Heazoe.

LEO Pimps,

Patented Apr. 20, 1926;

UNITED STATES i 1,581,264 PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT HERZOG, OF BERLIN, AND LEO PUNGS, OF BERLIN-CHARLOTTENBURG, GER- MANY,.ASSIGNORS TO 0. LORENZ AKTIENGESELLSGHAFT, 0F LORENSWEG-BEBLIN- TEMPELHOF, GERMANY.

RADIO SIGNALING SYSTEM.

1, 1920), of which the following is a speci-.

fication.

This invention relates to a key connection for the purposes of the wireless transmission of messages which permits to control large energies free from sparks and without disturbance of the high frequency generator. The invention is consequently specially adapted for such generators in which the chief object is the production of absolutely constant oscillations which can be easily influenced by the control.

In the novel connection a transformer is laid parallel to the generator, a condenser for taking up the non-radiated energy being inserted at the same time in thisparallel branch. An independent transformer is connected in the-earth circuit, but the two trans formers are not continuously energized. The secondary windings are inserted in the parallel branch to the generator or in the earth connection whilst the primary windings are connected with the sender. The sender short-circuits either the primary winding of the transformer inserted in the parallel branch of the generator or he primary winding of the transformer inserted in the earth connection so that a connection is produced according to the exampleillustrated on the drawings.

Figure 1 is a. diagrammatic sketch of a transmitting circuit arranged in accordance with the invention and employing two regulating transformers,

Figures 2, 3 and 4 are similar diagrams showing difierent hook-ups requiring the use of only one regulating transformer,

On Fig.1 9 is the generator, which can consist forinstance of a Poulsen arc, with block condensers 0 0 A key condenser 0 is inserted in the parallel branch and series connected with the primary winding of the transformer t,. The primary winding of the transformer t is inserted in the earth connection. The transformers t -and t are preferably with closed magnetic circuit and they possess each two windings, the primary winding comprising many turns of a thin wire and the secondary winding comprising few turns of a thick wire. The secondar windings are connected with thekey in such a manner that no high frequency oscillations are radiated in the position shown as the oscillations produced by the generator 9 travel over 0,, c winding 41),, 0 The key a short-circuits the secondary winding of the transformer 25, so that the choking effect of the primary winding is neutralized and the condenser 0 takes up the output from the generator 9. The oscillations circuit 0 0 ,20 0 is earth connected. When transmitting signs the key is short-circuited by the secondary winding 10 of the transformer t the choking effect of the primary coil is neutralized and the oscillations of the generator are radiated whilst the loading condenser 0 is choked by the primary coil to, of the transformer t, in which the shortcircuit of the primary coil is suspended by the key.

As the example of execution shows the invention consisting in the use of two, not continuous-current magnetized preferably closed magnetic circuited transformers, whose secondary windings are connected with the 'key in such a mannerthat, when the key is open as shown in the drawing, the choking effect of the transformer arranged in the parallel branch to the generator is suspended whilst when the key is depressed the secondary winding of the second transformer is short-circuited so that the choking frequency current can be carried through with full security of service so that the key arrangement is adapted specially for rapid service for the control of great energies.

The novel key arrangement can be carried out, differing from the form of construction shown on the drawing, in using only one transformer In this case there is however no complete interruption of the high frequency current effected so that high frequency current flows in the antenna indicated on the drawing even at the position of rest.

The invention relates further to a key connection in which the choking efl'ect of a transformer is utilized also, only one transformer being however employed, which, according to the position of the key, closes or opens the radiating circuit, the transformer being for instance inserted in the earth connection, or it cuts out this earth connection being cut out when the key is open. The connection must be arranged so that, when the key is open, the generator is in closed circuit and the supply of energy, is not interrupted.

Hitherto the sending of signs has been efi'ected by conducting the high frequency oscillations over a capacity when the key is open.

This method as well as similar methods present the inconvenience that the source of current and the generator are equally loaded. At transmitting with great telegraphing speed the second transformer according to the invention can be avoided by inserting only one transformer in the radiating circuit (antenna). The key is arranged this time in the transformer so that the choking effect of the same is utilized.

Consequently the source of current and the generator are fully loaded during the sending of signs while only very little current is consumed in the intervals. This is rendered possible by the arrangement according to which the generator is situated in a closed circuit when the key is open and the earth connection is cut out.

Fig. 2 shows a form of execution of the connection in which the generator g, which can be for instance an arc generator or a machine, is inserted in a circuit consisting of a capacity 0 and 0 and self inductance s, in whose earth connection the transformer t with the key a is inserted. The generator can be short-circuited by one capacity or by several series-connected capacities 0 Instead of the transformer 2? two choking coils could be used, of which one has an iron core and is alternately short-circuited and cut-in by the key. The arrangement could further be such that the transformer or the choking coils are not directly earth-connected but in serted in the antenna branch.

According to the known methods for the keying of Poulsen-generators either the antenna was desyntonized or the arc was reversed from the antenna to a key circuit which usually consists of a greater capacity and of a resistance and alters as little as possible the ratio of loading. The first method suffers from the defect, that the desyntonizing wave is set out with almost full energy. The second method is complicated by the indispensable interruption of the antenna circuit and the cutting-in of the key circuit, this being connected with great difficulties specially at the rapid telegraphy.

The invention has further for its object to avoid these inconveniences, in laying constantly a capacity or a self-induction or a combination of the two parallel to the are, this capacity being dimensioned so that on the one hand an increase of the efficiency of the arrangment is produced (energy connection) and on the other hand the arc can work exclusively without disturbance upon this parallel circuit without simultaneous cutting out of the antenna. Exhaustive experiments have shown that it is possible to make the arrangement such that the arc is not disturbed and not extinguished during the operation of the key. The key is operated in a simple manner by interrupting the antenna circuit in the intervals between the types and the earth connection whilst during the rotating period the parallel circuit to the arc is not interrupted. A reversing of the are from one circuit to the other does not take place so that consequently the inconveniences resulting from this are avoided.

Experiments have further shown that it is not necessary with an arrangement described to maintain constant the loading of the arc generator in order to avoid disturbances or extinction of the arc. It is possible to select the condition so that during the intervals the connection works with small loading so that an economy of energy and in the size of the machine is realized.

The method can be utilized with special advantage in connection with coils with iron cores whose saturation is varied by Superposition of a continuous current magnetization or by short-circuiting of windings. The operation of the key is efiected by alter ation of the saturation so that all reversals and the alteration itself are suppressed.

Figs. 3 and 4 show examples of execution of the method.

In Fig. 3 a is the are which works upon the antenna circuit, 6 is the auxiliary circuit which is parallel to the arc and which con tains for instance the capacity. 6 is a coil with iron core whose winding 0 is cut into the earth connection of the antenna whilst the winding (Z can be short-c-ircuit-ed by a key t. At short-circuiting the field in the coil is suspended so that the antenna takes up the full current. At suppression of the short-circuitingthe antenna current is suppressed by the iron core. A

According to Fig. 4 an iron coil is used also for the operation of the key but'the alteration of the saturation is caused by a continuous current flowing in the winding d and closed by the key t. The circuit 6 which is parallel to the arc prevents also in this case, same as in the arrangement shown on Fig. .3, thatthe arc isextinguished at-the operation of the key. I i

I claim 1. A high frequency signal transmission system comprising in combination a generator of high frequency oscillations, a radiating circuit connected with said generator, an oscillatory circuit connecting with said gen erator in parallel relationship to said radiating circuit, a pair of independent transformers each having primary and secondary windings, with the primary winding of one transformer interposed in said oscillatory circuit and the primary-winding of the other transformer interposed in said radiating circuit, said secondary windings being connected to have a common terminal and having connections to a keying circuit whereby said primary windings may be alternately made effective as high frequency chokes in accord an-ce with the production of signals.

2. A high frequency signal transmission system comprising in combination a generator of high frequency oscillations, a radiating circuit connected with said generator, an oscillatory circuit connecting with said generator in parallel relationship to said radiating circuit, a pair of transformers each having primary and secondary windings with the primary winding of one transformer interposed in said oscillatory circuit and the primary winding of said other transformer interposed in said radiating circuit, said secondary windings being connected to have a common terminal, a keying system comprising a circuit closing device having front and rear contacts, a connection between the common terminals of said secondary windings and said keying system and connections between opposite ends of said secondary windings with said contacts whereby said keying system may be operated in accordance with signals to alternately shunt said secondary windings.

3. A high frequency signaling system comprising in combination a source of high frequency oscillations, a radiating system, a circuit interconnecting said source of high frequency oscillations with said radiating system, a pair of transformers each having primary and secondary windings with said primary windings connected independently in circuit with said radiating system and in said first mentioned circuit, a common connection between the ends of said secondary windings, a double-acting key having front and back contacts connected with the opposite ends of said secondary windings, and a key lever connected with said common connection for alternately short circuiting the high frequency oscillations, a pair of trans-' formers each having primary and secondary windings, with the primary windings of each transformer independently connected in said radiating circuit and said oscillatory circuit respectively, saidsecondary windings being connected to have a common terminal, a double-acting key having front and back contacts, a key lever for alternately making connections with said front and back contacts, a connection between said key lever and the common terminals of said secondary windings and connections between said front and back contacts with the opposite ends of said secondary windings, whereby said secondary windings may be alternately shunted by said key lever and said contacts for neutralizing the chokin effects of said primary windings and enzdoling said source of high frequency oscillations to be alternately eflective upon said radiating circuit or said oscillatory circuit.

5. A high frequency signaling system comprising in combination a source of high frequency oscillations, a radiating circuitconnected therewith, an oscillatory circuit connected in parallel with said source of high frequency oscillations, a pair of transformers each having primary and secondary windings with the primary windings of each transformer independently connected in said radiating circuit and said oscillatory'circuit respectively, said secondary windings being connected to have a common terminal, a double-acting key having front and back contacts, a key lever for alternately making connections with said front and back contacts, a connection between said key lever and the common terminals of said secondary windings, and connections between said front and back contacts with the opposite ends of said secondary windings, said primary windings each having a plurality of turns of relatively fine wire and normally serving as a choke to the passage of high frequency oscillations, and said secondary windings comprising a relatively small number of turns of heavy wire, whereby upon shunting of ends of said secondary windings the choking .eflects of said primary windings may be alternately suspended for making effective said high frequency oscillations upon said radiating circuit.

6. In a high frequency signal transmission system the combination with a source of high frequency oscillations of a radiating circuit, a parallel branch circuit connected with said radiating circuit and with said source of high frequency oscillations, a pair of transformers each having primary and secondary windings, one of said transformers being disposed in the radiating circuit and the other transformer being disposed in the parallel branch circuit, means for shunting either one of said secondary windings when the other of said secondary windings is open, said primary windings each functioning as a high frequency choke coil when cooperating secondary windings are open, the choking eflects thereof being suspended when the cooperating secondary winding is open, whereby said secondary windings may be opened or shunted in accordance with signals for alternately rendering said source of oscillations effective upon said parallel branch circuit or said radiating circuit.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification.

ROBERT HERZOG. LEO PUNGS. 

